Free Will

The hard determinism theory, in Satan's opinion, governs the universe. According to the theory, human acts and attitudes are entirely determined by external influences. According to this theory, people do not have the right to free will or to be ethically responsible for their acts in Satan's eyes because God governs all of each and every person's actions, denying them the simple rights of making choices based on their own free will. Every action that takes place on the surface of the earth has already been organized by God, who is in charge of all living things on the planet. According to my views, this theory seems inappropriate to describe the activities and the events that take place on the surface of the earth. Even though an external force, which is the will of God, is currently responsible for determining most of events and actions on earth. Human beings have the privilege of choosing between right and wrong. Hence, it is right to argue that human beings act of their free will as each and every decision they make is not predetermined and as they have a different choice from which they make decisions on how they would like to act. Human beings should be morally and ethically responsible for their action due to the free will.
Free will connotes to the idea that individuals have the ability to make some choice regarding how we act. Therefore, with free will, people are free to choose how they behave as their actions are self-determined. God has a free will as he is the one necessary for determining how universal events turn out. God has the benefit of pre-knowledge while he aims to control how his creations act and how they turn out to be in the end. Due to God’s free will, He describes to Satan, without looking, what Adam is doing and his final decision as he has already arranged for its occurrence. Therefore, it can be argued that due to God’s moral obligation on how his creations turn out, he finds it easy to manipulate the actions of people and events for him to ensure they outcome is ethically acceptable. God argues that good is morally acceptable and hence his continued quest to make everyone to good.
If I had to choose between inevitability and choice as Satan does, I would choose inevitability. With inevitability, even though God has predetermined our actions and how they will turn out, we still seem to be in full control of our actions and our choices. No one appears to follows us and control as around as we feel we do what we want at all times. Chance would imply that each and every action we engage in is not predetermined but instead will take place as it comes by chance. For instance, Adam feels picking berries and then suddenly by chance, he feels like rolling on the ground. These types of action are not coordinated and hence cannot lead to any meaningful even in the life of an individual. With inevitability, the arrangement of our lives is systematic and each and every action or decision we make leads to the next.
Chance and inevitability are the only two options that can control the actions and activities of individuals around the world. There is no other choice in-between that allow individuals to have the freedom of actions they wish by chance while other events event is around the world are predetermined, just as Satan desires. According to libertarianism, liberty is a core principle of the philosophies in this law tends to emphasize the need of freedom of choice, voluntary association and the essence of individual judgment. Hence these people would argue that Satan should have let Adam and Eve decide for themselves if they proffered to be controlled by inevitability or let choice guide their daily activities.
Q.2
Utilitarian theories are ethical in nature and place the locus of right and wrong exclusively on the consequences that come from the choices made by others. Utilitarian arguments move beyond the scope of an individual’s interest by taking into account the interests of others. The story is given by Le Guin in “The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas” has been based on an idea derived from the theories of utilitarianism. The concept used in this story recognizes the primary role played by pain in determining the happiness of the general community of Omela. Beneath the beautiful municipal building lives a child locked down in a tiny windowless room without any form of comfort and social interaction with other people in the city. The pain and suffering of the child are approved by the fact that the town gets to live in happiness free of suffering.
The concept of the suffering of the unnamed child in Omela put the theories of utilitarianism in a bad light. The suffering of the child has been approved to bring good to the other members of the community. The argument is put in a bad light as by blaming pain to the child; evil has been equated with pleasure. The other members of the society are having fun at the expense of the innocent child.
The prosperity and happiness of a nation do not depend on the suffering of the poor members of the society. The government in each and every country should be accountable for the happiness and prosperity of each and every individual. Governments should not hence reassign their inability to formulate policies that lead to growth to the suffering of the poor and the powerless in the community. Ethics supports good instead of evil. Therefore, nations should disapprove their policies by pain and pleasure it will likely bring to its citizens. The values of democracy in a state should respect the rights of all its citizens and should hence ensure the practice of equality besides equitable distribution of resources. With such kind of democracy, each and every citizen has a higher chance to express their essential human qualities sand consequently assist in the growth of the nation.
As a citizen of Omela, on learning about the locked child, I would come to realize it is my moral obligation to ensure that just as other citizens in the city, the child receive fair chances in life. I, therefore, would work towards mobilizing those who are not comfortable with the suffering of the child to ensure that the child is released and let to live like other children. I would hence follow the right techniques of providing the government releases the child failure to which, I will resolve to use other tactics such as breaking the premises to let the child loose and free.
The suffering of one child is not justifiable to create a utopia for many to enjoy. Morals, ethics, behaviors, decision, choices and policies are the primary determinants of a culture of a community. A community that as well culture has high chances of being happier due to the success associated with the right behaviors of the citizens. The child has no influence and power whatsoever to determine the culture and the happiness of the members of the city, therefore, just like other members of the society, the child should be granted freedom and left to enjoy human rights by living like other members of the community.

Work Cited

Vaughn, Lewis. Powerful Ideas in Everyday Life. 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press. 2016.