French sociologist, Emile Durkheim
In the late 19th and early 20th century, French sociologist Emile Durkheim was renowned (Carls, n.d). His emphasis was on the need for modern societies to be cohesive and integral. This time religious and conventional social relations did not support the assumption that social institutions would arise in the community (Douglas, 1973). The first sociological study that he carried out was 1893—the Separation of Work in Society. Auguste Comte's view that sociology was a valid science based on the refinement of positivism. Emile considered sociology as the primary science of institutions. Thus, sociology should be considered as the modes and beliefs of the behavior, which is instituted in a collective manner that focuses on the discovery of the structural social facts (Pickering, 2000). He proposed structural functionalism, which is a perspective in anthropology and sociology where the social science should be considered in a holistic manner. Hence, sociology should not be limited to the study of individuals, but on the large society.
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Emile was concerned with the establishment of sociology as one of the disciplines in academics, analysis of the ability of the society to maintain coherence and integrity, and having practical implications on the area of scientific knowledge (Durkheim, 1965). He postulated that social facts contribute to the establishment of coherence in society (Strenski, 1997). Further, Emile depicted that religion was essential since it acted as the main source of solidarity and camaraderie. Thus, there was identification of the links, which exist in different cultures and religions as the basic denominator (Henslin, 1996).
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References
Carls, P. (n.d). Emile Durkheim (1858-1917). Retrieved from:http://www.iep.utm.edu/durkheim/
Douglas, J. (1973). The Social Meanings of Suicide. Princeton University Press.
Durkheim, E. (1965). The elementary forms of the religious life. Trans. J. W. Swain. NewYork: Free Press.
Henslin, J. (1996). Essentials of Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Pickering, W. (2000). Durkheim and Representations, Routledge.
Strenski, I. (1997). Durkheim and the Jews of France. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
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