Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs)
The lecture’s research emphasis on health and prevention of various diseases. The main plot line focuses on how to avoid, lessen and ultimately eradicate healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Some of this conditions that were presented by different presenters are; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Ebola, Avian flu, and other diseases. According to the presenters, HAIs are infections that patients get while getting treatment for surgical or medical conditions. Further, the research shows how one can understand the transmission and apply this knowledge to prevent further spread of this infectious. Firstly it urges one to recognize the person involved in preventing transmission. Additionally, it encourages collaboration with one another to achieve the goal of preventing the transmission of infections. Relatively, the research talk about other emerging infectious diseases such as Zika, Ebola, C diff, Avian flu and prison –associated conditions.
Comparatively, the presenters spoke about the Multi-drug Resistant Organisms (MDROs) in health care facilities. In this case, some of the MDROs are those organisms that are resistance to antimicrobial, and infections that are resistant to pathogens and are associated with adverse outcomes for personal health. For instance, once an infection is resistant to pathogens it may lead to mortality, lengthen the period in intensive care unit (ICU) and due to an extended stay in the hospital, it may end up increasing health care cost. Additionally, the presenters highlighted various ways in which resistant organisms can be transmitted by contact with health care worker. One of this way lack of proper hygiene especially, hand hygiene, another way is inadequate patient care and use of contaminated equipment while treating the patients. Moreover, use of inappropriate antimicrobial therapy and failure to implement contact precautions at all may contribute to transmission resistant organisms.
Furthermore, the presenters went further by explaining more about the carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) which are made of a family of more than seventy bacteria that include, Klebsiella pneumonia and E. coli that routinely live in the digestive system. According to the explanations by presenters, CRE bacteria have become resistant to an antibiotic known as Carbapenems and that large spread of this bacteria can endanger the lives of patients and lives of healthy people. Due to this eight core measures were suggested so as to prevent the spread of bacteria’s. These measures include proper hand hygiene at all time by both patients and healthcare worker, provision of health education to patients and health people, avoid contact with anything that is contaminated with bacteria, attendance of CRE screening regularly, and antimicrobial stewardship.
Moreover, the presenters talked about the monitoring for colistin and other novel resistance mutation in the mcr-1 gene. The gene is acceptable in the management of infections due to multi-drug, and it’s resistant to Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas and unacceptable in monotherapy for empiric treatment of suspected gram-negative infections. Globally, mcr-1 is in twenty countries and six continents present in vegetables, meat, animals and water surface. To prevent the spread of colistin gene, presenters suggested the following ways; maintenance of high hygiene level in surrounding environment and final daily cleaning in the rooms where patients with antibiotics have been placed. Additionally, in the prevention of the spread of novel resistance, health institutions should work with public health to implement recommended interventions. However, in case the patient is transferred, the healthcare worker should notify the accepting facility.
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