Surveillance of Chickenpox
a) Describe the epidemiologic triad of the agent, host, and environment for this example.
Chickenpox is a transmissible disease which is initiated by a varicella-zoster virus. The disease is acquired through the breathing of respiratory drops from an infected host. The transmission of the chickenpox can occur through direct contact with an infected person who has vesicles. It is a communicable disease where it can be transmitted between the first and second day before the appearance of rashes. The disease mostly affects children who are below the age of 10 years. Similarly, people with weak immune system are at risk of acquiring the disease which even leads to their death. An expectant mother can receive the chickenpox bestowing a risk to their neonate and fetus. The disease has a seasonal trend where areas with temperate climate are little affected. The transmission is accelerated by overcrowding.
b) Review the resources below and summarize the surveillance efforts for varicella.
Chickenpox was common in the United States where the highest rate of varicella was collective in preschool-aged children. When varicella vaccine became available in the United States and after administering one dose, the rate of infection reduced by 79% among the population who met the criteria prescribed. There is a necessity of case-based surveillance to ensure proper monitoring of the changes which are occurring in the epidemiology.
Despite the comprehensive coverage of the vaccination to curb varicella, the outbreak continues to occur mostly within schools. The ongoing investigation regarding varicella will improve the current familiarity of the epidemiology of chickenpox, identifying the transmission patterns, provide the risk factor for the disease and the reason for the failure of the vaccine. Infection of the disease can cause numerous complication such as encephalitis, hemorrhagic and cerebellar ataxia. People who grew up in subtropical and tropical areas had little chances of acquiring varicella in their childhood.
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